Determination of the heat balance of the earth: Interpretation of radiation measurements from satellites

A method is developed for estimating the mean and mean-square variation of the flux at an altitude arbitrarily chosen to represent the top of the atmosphere. When applied to practical satellite measurements, the method is shown to be optimum in that the estimated mean is unbiased and the mean square variation of the estimates converges to that of the true flux. Data from the Meteor-1 and -2 satellites support the essential assumptions and provide a quantitative indication of the performance that can be expected

Position location system and method Patent

Position locating system for remote aircraft using voice communication and digital signal

Traffic control system and method

Frequency of carrier received by aircraft is measured and compared with reference to indicate magnitude of Doppler shift. One Doppler frequency range is selected and indicated by digital signal. Difference between frequency is offset of apparent carrier frequency transmitted by aircraft

Traffic control system and method Patent

Traffic control system for supersonic transports using synchronous satellite for data relay between vehicles and ground statio

Position location and data collection system and method Patent

Development of telemetry system for position location and data acquisitio

Diversity RF receiving system with improved phase-lock characteristics

Improved diversity receiving system automatically utilizes the combined output from its two independent receiving channels /with cross- polarized receiving antennas/ to increase the reliability of maintaining the requisite phase lock for optimum signal reception. It is adapted for use with AM, PM, or narrow band FM signals

Experimental determination of dipole moments for molecular ions: Improved measurements for ArH^+

An improved value for the dipole moment of ArH^+ has been obtained from new measurements of the rotational g factors of ArH^+ and ArD^+ made with tunable far‐IR laser spectroscopy. Systematic errors present in earlier measurements have been eliminated. The new result (μ=3.0±0.6 D) is slightly higher than the ab initio value of Rosmus (2.2 D) at the 2σ limits of precision

Detection and Implications of a Time-reversal breaking state in underdoped Cuprates

We present general symmetry considerations on how a Time-reversal breaking state may be detected by angle-resolved photoemission using circularly polarized photons as has been proposed earlier. Results of recent experiments utilizing the proposal in underdoped cuprates are analysed and found to be consistent in their symmetry and magnitude with a theory of the Copper-Oxides. These togather with evidence for a quantum critical point and marginal Fermi-liquid properties near optimum doping suggest that a valid microscopic theory of the phenomena in the cuprates has been found.Comment: A statement on detecting the Anyon state is added and some typos are subtracte

Remote sensing of the atmosphere from environmental satellites

Various applications of satellite remote sensing of the earth are reviewed, including (1) the use of meteorological satellites to obtain photographic and radiometric data for determining weather conditions; (2) determination of the earth radiation budget from measurements of reflected solar radiation and emitted long wave terrestrial radiation; (3) the use of microwave imagery for measuring ice and snow cover; (4) LANDSAT visual and near infrared observation of floods and crop growth; and (5) the use of the Nimbus 4 backscatter ultraviolet instrument to measure total ozone and vertical ozone distribution. Plans for future activities are also discussed

Topological Quantum Phase Transitions in Topological Superconductors

In this paper we show that BF topological superconductors (insulators) exibit phase transitions between different topologically ordered phases characterized by different ground state degeneracy on manifold with non-trivial topology. These phase transitions are induced by the condensation (or lack of) of topological defects. We concentrate on the (2+1)-dimensional case where the BF model reduce to a mixed Chern-Simons term and we show that the superconducting phase has a ground state degeneracy $k$ and not $k^2$. When the symmetry is $U(1) \times U(1)$, namely when both gauge fields are compact, this model is not equivalent to the sum of two Chern-Simons term with opposite chirality, even if naively diagonalizable. This is due to the fact that U(1) symmetry requires an ultraviolet regularization that make the diagonalization impossible. This can be clearly seen using a lattice regularization, where the gauge fields become angular variables. Moreover we will show that the phase in which both gauge fields are compact is not allowed dynamically.Comment: 5 pages, no figure